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English words of
Persian origin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.<=
/h3>
As fellow Indo-European languages, English and
Persian have many words which share a common Proto-Indo-European origin, and
many of these cognate words often have similar forms. However, this article
will be concerned with loanwords, that is, words in English that derive from
Persian, either directly, or more often, via one or more intermediary
languages. Many words of Persian origin have made t=
heir
way into the
English language<=
/span> through different,
often circuitous, routes. Some of them, like "paradise" date to t=
he
cultural contacts between the Persians and Greeks in the Hellenistic cultur=
e of
Antiquity, and through Greek and then Latin found their way to English. Or =
Mihrab from the time of Persian conflicts with Rome.
Persian as the second important language of Islam has influenced many langu=
ages
in the Muslim world, and its words have found their way beyond the Muslim
world. Persia remained largely
impenetrable to English-speaking travellers, we=
ll
into the 19th century. This may explain why not quite as many Persian words=
as
one may imagine have made their way in English. Persia was protected from
Europe by overland trade routes that passed through territory inhospitable =
to
foreigners, while trade at Persian ports in the Persian Gulf was in the han=
ds
of locals. In contrast, intrepid English traders operated in Mediterranean
seaports of the Levant from the 1570s, and some vocabulary describing featu=
res
of Ottoman culture found their way into the English language. Thus many in =
the
following list of English borrowings, though they were originally from Pers=
ian,
arrived in English through Turkish mediaries. C=
ompare
List of English words of Etruscan origin for a similar situation. Other wor=
ds
of Persian origin found their way into European languages - and eventually
reached English at second-hand— through the
Moorish-Christian cultural interface in the Iberian peninsula during the Mi=
ddle
Ages thus being transmitted through Arabic or, much later, through Hindi du=
ring
the British Raj.